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Understand Fractions

Learn what numerator and denominator mean, model fractions as parts of a whole, and place fractions on a number line.

Bridge to Grade 6 Unit R2 · Lesson 1 Builds 6.NS.1
Lesson progress: 0%
Why this matters for Grade 6: In Grade 6 you will divide fractions by fractions (6.NS.1) — for example, 3/4 ÷ 1/2. Before you can divide them, you must understand what a fraction means: the numerator counts pieces, and the denominator says how many equal pieces make one whole.
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Learn It

What Is a Fraction?

A fraction names part of a whole. It is written as:

numerator
denominator

Denominator = total number of equal parts the whole is cut into.
Numerator = how many of those parts you are counting.

Example 1 — 3/4 of a pizza
The pizza is cut into 4 equal slices (denominator = 4). You have 3 slices (numerator = 3).
3 out of 4 parts shaded = 3/4
Example 2 — Special fractions
• 5/5 = 1 whole (all 5 parts shaded — you have the entire thing).
• 0/4 = 0 (zero parts shaded — you have nothing).
• 4/4 = 1  |  3/3 = 1  |  Any number over itself = 1.

Fractions on a number line — place 3/4 between 0 and 1 by dividing the space into 4 equal jumps:
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1
3/4 is 3 jumps out of 4 from 0 to 1.
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Try It · Guided

Work These Together

1. The fraction bar below has some parts shaded. Which fraction does it show?

Hint

Count the total parts (denominator) and the shaded parts (numerator). 2 parts are shaded out of 5 total → 2/5.

2. Which point on the number line is at 1/2?

A B C 0 1
Hint

1/2 is exactly halfway between 0 and 1. Point B sits right in the middle.

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Practice · On Your Own

You Try

3. A chocolate bar is broken into 8 equal pieces. Maria eats 3 pieces. What fraction of the bar did she eat?

Hint

Pieces eaten = numerator (3). Total pieces = denominator (8). Fraction eaten = 3/8.

4. What is the value of the fraction where the numerator equals the denominator? (For example, 6/6 = ?)

Hint

6/6 means all 6 parts out of 6 total — that is the whole thing, which equals 1.

5. How many equal parts does a number line from 0 to 1 need to show the fraction 1/6?

Hint

The denominator tells you how many equal parts to divide the number line into. For 1/6, divide into 6 equal parts.

Exit Ticket

Show What You Know

6. A ribbon is cut into 5 equal pieces. You use 4 pieces. Which fraction shows how much ribbon you used?

Hint

Used = 4 (numerator). Total = 5 (denominator). Fraction used = 4/5.

7. On a number line from 0 to 1, the fraction 3/4 is located how many equal jumps from 0 (out of 4 total jumps)?

Hint

3/4 means 3 jumps out of 4 equal jumps from 0 to 1. The numerator = the number of jumps.